Estimation of the solar RADIATION potential in an area is one of the most basic foundations in the development of research for applying solar energy in any region. In this study, the necessary information was taken from 9 out of 21 solar RADIATION stations in the country within a period of 5 to 11 years. After refining the information for some innocent lays, then it was used for intended model or mode. In order to estimate the daily average of monthly RADIATION on the horizon level, this existing models were closely studies and among them, 3 mathematical models, namely "angstrom pries cut", "the most probable model" , and "Hybrid model" were used. The related coefficients of each model for Iran were calculated through statistical relationship by using processed data from the above mentioned stations. These mathematical models were statistically tested for Iran and from these three, the hybrids model was chosen as the best alternative. The final result of this research is 12 drawings concerning the daily solar RADIATION in each month, 4 drawings related to the total RADIATION received by the horizontal area for each season, and one drawing in relation to the total RADIATION received by the horizontal area during a year.

Iran has great potential in utilizing solar energy. In order to maximize the amount of absorbed solar RADIATION to absorber surfaces, the surfaces should be installed at a suitable angle slope to the horizon that is discussed in this article. The calculations performed in this study was done using MATLAB software. In this study, RADIATION received on the ground in 31 provincial capitals of the country for 12 months of the year has been modeled. Then, the optimum tilt angle of absorbent surfaces with the maximum amount of RADIATION received on the surfaces of the absorber is estimated. Finally, after validating the results, using available software in the field of GIS, ATLAS map of optimum tilt angle with respect to the horizon for the installation of solar absorber surfaces and amount of absorbed solar RADIATION on surface mounted in the optimum tilt angle for Iran was presented for 12 months. It is observed that optimum tilt angle varies throughout the year between-10 to 62 degrees. The minimum value of optimum tilt angle in different months is related to North West provinces. The lowest amount of solar RADIATION is received on Caspian littoral, and its value varies between 9 and 19 MJ per square meter per day for different months. The highest amount of RADIATION in region of the provinces Yazd and Isfahan is received and its value varies between 19 to 31 MJ per square meter per day for different months. The figures presented in this paper eliminate the need for estimating clearness index, optimum tilt angle, and corresponding solar RADIATION in cities and regions on which no information is available. It provides researchers with the aforementioned values based on the mean of values of adjacent regions.

ATLAS of ethnobotany in Iran has been one of the enacted projects of Ecological Anthropology department in Anthropology Research center of Iran Cultural Heritage, Handi Crafts and Tourism Organization Since 2005, which is carried out considering it's 5 years duration. This is on important subject, since indigenous knowledge concerning the use of herbal medicine by indigenous people and healers was considered as an non-material cultural heritage of Iran, a knowledge that is endangered now. In this project, with an anthropological view, we worked on this subject in all over Iran using monographical data. Since this is an interdisciplinary subject some anthropologists, botanists, physicians and pharmacists helped us to achieve the required standardi We have considred 90 species belonging to 68 genera and 37 falily for indigenous healing as part of herbal prototype that we have collected in our archives.

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a valuable tool in RADIATION treatment (RT) planning as well as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging owing to its superior soft-tissue contrast. Due to the fact that there is no direct transformation from voxel intensity in MR images into electron density, it's crucial to generate a pseudo-CT (Computed Tomography) image from MRI for the task of MR-guided attenuation correction and RT planning. This study set out to investigate the performance of two state-of-the-art ATLAS-based pseudo-CT generation approaches from MR brain images. Materials and Methods: Bone segmentation was performed on 43 brain CT and MR pairs using ATLAS-based local weighting (ATLAS-LW) and ATLAS registration combined with pattern recognition (AT-PR) techniques. The accuracy of bone extraction performed by these two approaches was investigated for the entire bony structures as well as cortical bone using standard segmentation metrics such as Dice similarity (DSC). Moreover, the accuracy of the CT value estimated from MR images was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. Results: Overall, ATLAS-LW technique exhibited higher segmentation accuracy resulting in DSC=0. 79± 0. 61 and 0. 84± 0. 03, while AT-PR method led to DSC=0. 72± 0. 8 and 0. 77± 0. 05 for cortical and total bone, respectively. Moreover, ATLAS-LW approach estimated CT values for the total bone tissue with MAE=17. 6± 138. 0 HU and RMSE=466. 2± 75. 0 HU compared to MAE=-10. 9± 147. 0 HU and RMSE=522. 5± 89. 7 HU obtained from AT-PR approach. Conclusion: The ATLAS-LW exhibited superior the performance in this study which demonstrates its potential to be employed in PET/MR attenuation correction (AC) and MR-only RT planning.

Linguistic ATLAS consists of a series of maps locating language diversities in a geographical area. It is significant because it maintains the needs of dialectology, language planning and sociolinguistics. Due to the fact that there is no such an ATLAS for Gilan Province, the writers of this article have done their best to design one, based on 100 words; meanwhile, following the findings of this ATLAS, they try to answer two questions: what phonological processes can be seen in Gilan and Gilaki dialect? How do the central towns of Gilan differ from its other towns regarding the occurrence of phonological processes? It should be pointed out that another advantage of such an ATLAS is the possibility of depicting the boundary lines among Gilaki, Taleshi, and Turkish in Gilan Province.After selecting 100 words and interviewing with the Gilaki speakers and recording their voices, the researchers designed a map for each word to show its phonological and lexical diversities. According to the findings of research, 16 phonological processes take place in Gilaki dialect, of which the most frequent are respectively centralization, rising, deletion and affrication. It was also found that in non-central towns especially Roodsar, the phonological processes are more frequent.